MICROCURRENT STIMULUS APPARATUS. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Disclosed therein are a coupling boss and a method for fabricating a coupling boss, that a collar part is formed through a collar drawing process using a metal plate material, and then, a body part of the coupling boss is firmly combined to a substrate plate through processes of deep drawing, tapping, cleansing, plating and iron coining in order, thereby maximizing competitive power in price, miniaturizing the coupling boss in size, and maximizing tensile strength, compression strength, and surface roughness. In this instance, a more stable material thickness can be kept by performing a collar drawing process or a curling process when a screw part of the coupling boss is formed. The processes of: forming a collar part through a collar drawing process for forming a screw part of the coupling boss using a metal plate material; forming a body part and a flange part on the metal plate material, on which the collar part is formed, through a deep drawing process; and tapping to form the screw part on the inner peripheral portion of the collar part and the processes of: forming a body part and a flange part by a deep drawing process using a metal plate material; forming a collar part on the body part by a curling process; and tapping to form a screw part on the inner peripheral portion of the collar part are performed selectively. After that, the formed coupling boss is firmly combined to a substrate plate through the processes of cleansing, plating, and iron coining.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Evaluation of microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS) effectiveness on muscle pain in temporomandibular disorders patients. Xanya Sofra Weis

Paulo Renato Junqueira Zuim; Alicio Rosalino Garcia; Karina Helga Leal Turcio; Marcelo Matida Hamata; 2006

The effect of Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulation (MENS) was evaluated and compared with occlusal splint therapy in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients with muscle pain. Twenty TMD patients were divided into four groups. One received occlusal splint therapy and MENS (I); other received splints and placebo MENS (II); the third, only MENS (III) and the last group, placebo MENS (IV). Sensitivity derived from muscle palpation was evaluated using a visual analogue scale. Results were submitted to analysis of variance (p<0.05).>

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

A New Broadband Microcurrent Transducer for Insulator Leakage Current Monitoring System. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Weigen Chen Chenguo Yao Pan Chen Caixin Sun Lin Du Ruijin Liao Chongqing Univ., Chongqing; 2008

In this paper, a type of high bandwidth microcurrent transducer designed for online monitoring of an insulator is described. According to the equivalent circuit model, the effects of transducer winding number, stray capacitance, and loading resistance on passbandwidth and sensitivity are discussed. The academic lower limit of the transducer is nearly zero and the upper limit is infinity, which are proven by the analysis of the electronic circuit and the simulation by saber. The test of the current transducer shows that the transducer can be used in most high-voltage insulations systems with broad passbandwidth, high linearity, high sensitivity, and noncontact.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

The Effect of Microcurrent-Inducing Shoes on Fatigue and Pain in Middle-Aged People with Plantar Fascitis. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Mi-Suk Cho, Rae-Joon Park, So Hyum Park, Yong-Ho Cho and Goh Ah Cheng; 2007

When a muscle is used repeatedly for a long time, it often leads to muscular fatigue and muscle soreness. In middle-aged and elderly populations, muscular fatigue and pain during the performance of activities of daily living is a common problem caused by physiological changes in the musculoskeletal system due to the aging process. Microcurrent therapy has been shown to be effective at reducing pain and muscle soreness. For activities such as standing or walking, specially developed shoes (G-man, Busan, South Korea) which are capable of providing microcurrent therapy during the performance of these activities are an advantage as the treatment becomes integrated with the activity being performed. These therapeutic shoes or microcurrent induction shoes could be potentially useful for providing treatment if they were worn during normal activities. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of these microcurrent induction shoes on pain and muscle fatigue in middle-aged people with plantar fascitis. Subjects were asked to wear their normal shoes and instructed to walk on a treadmill at 2 and 3 km/hr for 10 minutes each. Subjects were then asked to wear the specially designed microcurrent induction shoes for six weeks for at least 4 hours per day during ADL activities such as standing and walking. During the initial evaluation and at the end of the 6 weeks intervention, the electromyographic (EMG) activity of their right tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were recorded, together with their perceived level of foot pain using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The results showed a significant reduction in their VAS scores (p<0.01), and the change in median power frequency of their tibialis anterior EMG recording (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that microcurrent induction shoes were effective in relieving foot pain and muscle fatigue in subjects with plantar fascitis.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Effect of Microcurrent Stimulation on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: A Double-Blind Comparison. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Jennifer D. Allen, MEd, ATC, Carl G. Mattacola, PhD, ATC, and David H. Perrin, PhD, ATC; 1999

Objective:

To examine the efficacy of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS) treatment on pain and loss of range of motion (ROM) associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

Design and Setting:

We assigned subjects to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 received treatment with microcurrent stimulation (200 μA, 30 Hz, for 10 minutes, then 100 μA, 0.3 Hz, for 10 minutes) 24, 48, and 72 hours after DOMS induction. Group 2 served as a sham group and was treated using a machine altered by the manufacturer so that no current could flow through the electrodes.

Subjects:

DOMS was induced in the biceps brachii of the nondominant arm of 18 subjects (3 males, 15 females: age = 20.33 ± 2.3 years, ht = 170.81 ± 7.3 cm, wt = 69.61 ± 13.1 kg). Dominance was defined as the arm used by the subject to throw a ball.

Measurements:

Subjective pain and active elbow extension ROM were evaluated before and after treatment each day. Two methods were used to assess pain: constant pressure using a weighted Orthoplast sphere and full elbow extension to the limit of pain tolerance. Subjective pain was measured with a graphic rating scale and active elbow extension ROM using a standard, plastic, double-armed goniometer. Three repeated-measures ANOVAs (between-subjects variable was group, within- subjects variables were day and test) were used to assess ROM and pain scores for the 2 groups.

Results:

We found no significant difference in the measurement of subjective pain scores or elbow extension ROM when the MENS group was compared with the sham group.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that the MENS treatment, within the parameters used for this experiment, was not effective in reducing the pain or loss of ROM associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Spatial-Temporal Structures of Human Alpha Rh ythms: Theory, Microcurrent Sources, Multiscale Measurements, and Global Binding of Local Networks.

Paul L. Nunez, Brett M. Wingeier, and Richard B. Silberstein; 2001

Abstract: A theoretical framework supporting experimental measures of dynamic properties of human
EEG is proposed with emphasis on distinct alpha rhythms. Robust relationships between measured
dynamics and cognitive or behavioral conditions are reviewed, and proposed physiological bases for EEG
at cellular levels are considered. Classical EEG data are interpreted in the context of a conceptual
framework that distinguishes between locally and globally dominated dynamic processes, as estimated
with coherence or other measures of phase synchronization. Macroscopic (scalp) potentials generated by
cortical current sources are described at three spatial scales, taking advantage of the columnar structure
of neocortex. NewEEG data demonstrate that both globally coherent and locally dominated behavior can
occur within the alpha band, depending on narrowband frequency, spatial measurement scale, and brain
state. Quasi-stable alpha phase structures consistent with global standing waves are observed. At the
same time, alpha and theta phase locking between cortical regions during mental calculations is demonstrated,consistent with neural network formation. The brain-binding problemis considered in the context of EEG dynamic behavior that generally exhibits both of these local and global aspects. But specific
experimental designs and data analysis methods may severely bias physiological interpretations in either
local or global directions.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Melatonin Formation in Pineal Gland from Rats with Hexachlorobenzene Experimental Porphyria. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Elena B. C. Llambías Marta B. Mazzetti Sandra M. Lelli Carmen Aldonatti

Hexachlorobenzene produces an experimental hepatic por-phyria in rats, which is similar to human porphyria cutanea tarda, with hyperpigmentation as one of its characteristic features. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism have been previously observed in this chronic porphyria. Melatonin formation from tryptophan via serotonin shows diurnal rhythmicity in the pineal gland, and higher values are observed during the dark phase of an imposed light-dark cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine the contents of tryptophan and its metabolites in pineal gland of normal and hexachlorobenzene-treated rats in order to find alterations potentially related to porphyria cutanea tarda. Results show that in animals with this experimental porphyria some tryptophan metabolite levels (serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) increase only during the light period, whereas tryptophan content remained equal to the controls. Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity also increases by light in pineal gland from hexachlorobenzene-treated rats. On the other hand, tryptophan is converted to melatonin in the dark period, but this route is not exacerbated in hexachloroben-zene porphyria. The relevance of these alterations is discussed in relation to hyperpigmentation, neoplastic and oxidative stress processes associated with this porphyria.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Macroscopic surface tension in a lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model of two immiscible fluids. Xanya Sofra Weiss

I. Ha;;iday, S.P Thompson, and C.M Care; 1998

We present a method by which an interface generating algorithm, similar to that of earlier lattice Boltzmann models of immiscible fluids, may be extended to a two component, two-speed two-dimensional (D2), nine-link (Q9) lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook fluid. For two-dimensional, microcurrent-free planar interfaces between the two immiscible fluids we derive expressions for static interfacial tensions and interfacial distributions of the two fluids. Extending our analysis to curved interfaces, we propose a scheme for incorporating the influence of interfacial microcurrents that is based upon general symmetry arguments and is correct to second order in lattice velocity. The analysis demonstrates that the interfacial microcurrents have only second-order influence upon the macroscopic behavior of the model. We find good agreement between our calculations and simulation results based on the microcurrent stream function and surface tension results from the pressure tensor or Laplace law.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Micro-current attenuation modeling and numerical simulation for cage-like ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposite. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xiao-Yong fANG, Xiao-Ling Shi, Mao-Shern Cao and Jie Yuan; 2008

Based on the microwave absorption properties and the micro-current attenuation mechanism for the cage-like ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposite reported in our previous paper, we established a micro-current attenuation model and the associated quantitative formula for the calculation of microwave absorption properties. Very good correlation between the calculated and the experimental results has been obtained for a broad range of frequencies. The maximum deviation less than 3 dB in X-band was obtained. The model provides useful information for understanding the microwave absorption mechanism.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Comparative effects of microcurrent stimulation on EEG spectrum and correlation dimension. Xanya Sofra Weiss

Michael S. Heffernan; 2008

Two mathematical derivatives of electroencephalogram (EEG), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and correlation dimension from chaos analysis were used to assess the objective effects of earlobe versus mid-trapezius microcurrent stimulation on brain EEG. These measures were considered to be clinically relevant since low points in the FFT have been associated with attention deficit disorder, and declining correlation dimension has been associated with onset of epilepsy. Thirty Subjects (30) were assigned randomly to one of three groups: earlobe, trapezius, and a double blind placebo control Earlobe stimulation (CES) was hypothesized to alter BEG since research suggests CES enters the brain directly, through a perineural or vascular path via the auditory meatus. Results showed that trapezius microcurrent therapy proved more effective in producing significant declines in FFT spectral smoothing, with an average standard deviation (SD) in the FFT of 1.1, as compared to the CES group showing an SD of 2.9. Correlation dimension in both trapezius and CES stimulation groups increased significantly (p<.001) as compared to placebo, with the correlation dimension measures for earlobe, trapezius, and placebo being 5.7, 5.6, and 3.7, respectively. The author discusses the significance of using body points for promoting clinically beneficial effects in brain electrophysiology as evidenced by improved FFT and correlation dimension.

Xanya Sofra Weiss

Xanya Sofra Weiss