The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels,[1] forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillary. These cells reduce turbulence of the flow of blood allowing the fluid to be pumped farther. Endothelial tissue is a specialized type of epithelium tissue (one of the four types of biological tissue in animals). More specifically, it is simple squamous epithelium. The endothelium normally provides a non-thrombogenic surface because it contains heparan sulphate which acts as a cofactor for activating antithrombin III, a protease that cleaves several factors in the coagulation cascade.
Xanya Sofra Weiss
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